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Friction stir welding (FSW)

Friction stir welding is the optimal joining process for non-ferrous metals with a low melting temperature and for mixed-metal combinations.


Friction stir welding (FSW): the process 

Friction stir welding is a process in which a rotating pin is traversed along the contact surfaces between the workpieces. The frictional heat plasticizes the material, which is welded together.

The FSW process is particularly suitable for joining non-ferrous metals with a low melting temperature and for mixed-material joints. Even materials that are difficult to weld or dissimilar materials such as aluminium with magnesium, copper or steel can be friction stir welded.

The Friction Stir Welding technology is ideal for sealing of a battery housing 

The friction stir welding technique has proven to be an optimum joining technology in electromobility.

Sudarea prin fricțiune oferă o serie de avantaje față de procesele de sudare convenționale.

  • Cea mai înaltă calitate a sudurii

    • Fără defecte de sudură, cum ar fi pori sau fisuri
    • Posibilitatea de îmbinare a diferitelor materiale
    • Consum relativ redus de căldură
    • Rezistență ridicată a cordonului de sudură cu distorsiuni minime de sudare
  • Eficiența economică

    • Îmbinarea economică a geometriilor 3D complexe
    • Economii de materiale prin optimizarea componentelor
    • Nu se utilizează consumabile cum ar fi gazul de protecție și sârma tubulară
  • Tehnologie ecologică

    • Ecologic datorită consumului redus de energie
    • Nu este necesară extragerea gazelor de ardere sau măsuri antiorbire

Industrial applications of friction stir welding

The Friction stir processing is used in various industries. The spectrum extends from the automotive industry, including the e-mobility market, and aerospace through to the electronics industry.
  • Friction Stir Welding for General industry

    • Economical welding of complex 3D seams, e.g. on cooling systems for power electronics or housings for cell phones

    • Cast components with aluminum sheets or sections

    • Welds with high conductivity for transformers and batteries

    • Joining of various material combinations – typically aluminium and its alloys, copper and magnesium alloys

  • Automotive industry

    • Economical welding of complex 3D seams, for example on parts of cooling systems, vehicle bodies and powertrains or e-mobility components

    • Joining of typical 4000/5000/6000 aluminum alloys and also hard-to-weld material combinations, e.g. aluminum sheets, continuously cast sections and cast components

     

    Find out more about automation in the automotive industry

  • Friction Stir Welding for Aerospace industry

    • Welding of highly reliable, gas-tight seams, e.g. on aircraft fuselage parts and rocket components

    • Low heat distortion and special surface characteristics as well as material properties (e.g. tensile strength) at a very high level due to the low joining temperature

    • Typical materials: high-strength 2000 and 7000 series aluminum alloys

  • Rail vehicle construction

    • Joining of side walls and roof assemblies for high-speed trains and of aluminum sheets or sections (double-walled panels)
    • Highly economical joining thanks to FSW gantry systems and integration of additional machining processes such as milling and drilling
    • Typical materials: 6000 series aluminum alloys

Friction stir welding in electric mobility – flexible and cost-efficient

In electromobility, friction stir welding has become firmly established among many OEMs and Tier 1 suppliers, particularly for welding battery housings for electric (EV) and hybrid (HEV) vehicles. The weld seams reliably meet the high requirements for tightness and crash resistance. Robot-based friction stir welding also offers high flexibility at comparatively low investment costs compared to conventional gantry systems. For the production of electric vehicles, KUKA offers a modular friction stir welding cell – a modern and economical solution that can be easily adapted to different production requirements.

KUKA cell4_FSW

Modular friction stir welding robot cell: the modern solution with low investment costs

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